{"id":1857,"date":"2021-05-16T19:52:33","date_gmt":"2021-05-16T19:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/solveeczema.org\/eczemablog\/?p=1857"},"modified":"2022-07-23T07:19:34","modified_gmt":"2022-07-23T07:19:34","slug":"1857","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solveeczema.org\/eczemablog\/?p=1857","title":{"rendered":"What Parents and Teachers Need to Know to Help Schools Reopen Safely"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

The EPA has for years provided evidence-based guidance designed specifically for schools\u2014their Tools for Schools<\/a>\u2014yet as of the start of the pandemic, more than half of all schools in the US had not adopted a framework for effective air quality management, called an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management plan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

These are not opaque jargony strategies that exist only in the bottom drawers of facilities managers’ desks, they are evidence-based, practical toolboxes written to help families and schools partner to ensure their schools are as healthy as possible within existing budgets. In fact, that partnership is an essential aspect of an effective framework, as parents’, teachers’ and students’ reports of allergies and symptoms related to indoor air quality problems in school spaces are essential to implementing the plan (not to be dismissed, buried, or handled effectively in their absence).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

As of the last time I looked, only one state out of 50 had strong laws promising that schools would have healthy air quality and ensuring parents could pursue remedies if they did not. This California PTA Resolution from 2007 may as well have been written yesterday, for all the progress that hasn’t been made in the state in the years since (and the generation of children who could have benefited): link<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

As a parent who fought (and lost) to help our local schools adopt an air quality management plan\u2014that would have reduced absenteeism related to asthma, improved overall student performance, and helped our locals schools reopen faster and more safely now\u2014I dearly hope this moment will turn into an opportunity to not only mitigate the spread of Covid-19 in schools, but also to give students and teachers the benefits of good indoor air quality management long into the future. From what I have seen, that isn’t happening despite many good intentions. It’s not too late to change that.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Has your district purchased new filters? How are they being used and monitored for safety and efficacy?\u00a0 Has your district adopted an effective indoor air quality management plan?\u00a0 (If they say they have a plan that doesn’t involve working with and communicating with students, teachers, and families on an ongoing basis to ensure the spaces are healthy, the answer is no.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Everyone who cares about returning to school safely should check out this recent LANCET article “Designing infectious disease resilience into school buildings through improvements to ventilation and air cleaning<\/a>” from The LANCET Covid-19 Commission Task Force on Safe Work, Safe School, and Safe Travel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

From the Lancet report’s Overview:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

“Many countries have prioritized schools in their COVID-19 pandemic recovery plans, including providing funding to support costs associated with reopening safely. These resources represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity for health-based improvements to school buildings, such as improving indoor air quality (IAQ), which can reduce the risk of airborne infectious disease transmission as well as benefit health and academic performance.<\/strong> Unfortunately, there are reports of schools spending millions of dollars on unproven or largely ineffective air cleaning technologies…” [my emphasis]<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n

Then read this article produced by Kaiser Health News<\/a>, which publishes California Healthline<\/a>, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\"\"Melanie Robbins, mom of a kindergartner and a child in pre-K in Montclair, New Jersey, joined a campaign of concerned parents who tried to raise concerns with the Montclair Board of Education over the use of Global Plasma Solutions ionizing devices in their children\u2019s public school classrooms. (Jackie Molloy \/ for KHN)<\/span><\/em><\/h6>\r\n

As Schools Spend Millions on Air Purifiers, Experts Warn of Overblown Claims and Harm to Children<\/h1>\r\n
By Lauren Weber and Christina Jewett<\/span>
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n
Link to original article at California Healthline<\/a><\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u201cWe\u2019re going to live in a world where the air quality in schools is worse after the pandemic, after all of this money,\u201d Zaatari said. \u201cIt\u2019s really sickening.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n

Last summer, Global Plasma Solutions wanted to test whether the company\u2019s air-purifying devices could kill covid-19 virus particles but could find only a lab using a chamber the size of a shoebox for its trials. In the company-funded study<\/a>, the virus was blasted with 27,000 ions per cubic centimeter.<\/p>\r\n

In September, the company\u2019s founder incidentally mentioned<\/a> that the devices being offered for sale actually deliver a lot less ion power \u2014 13 times less \u2014 into a full-sized room.<\/p>\r\n

The company nonetheless used the shoebox results<\/a> \u2014 over 99% viral reduction \u2014 in marketing its device heavily to schools as something that could combat covid in classrooms far, far larger than a shoebox.<\/p>\r\n

School officials desperate to calm worried parents bought these devices and others with a flood of federal funds, installing them in more than 2,000 schools across 44 states, a KHN investigation found. They use the same technology \u2014 ionization, plasma and dry hydrogen peroxide \u2014 that the Lancet COVID-19<\/a> Commission recently deemed \u201coften unproven\u201d and potential sources of pollution themselves.<\/p>\r\n

In the frenzy, schools are buying technology that academic air-quality experts warn can lull them into a false sense of security or even potentially harm kids. And schools often overlook the fact that their trusted contractors \u2014 typically engineering, HVAC or consulting firms \u2014 stand to earn big money from the deals, KHN found.<\/p>\r\n

Academic experts are encouraging schools to pump in more fresh air and use tried-and-true filters, like HEPA, to capture the virus. Yet every ion- or hydroxyl-blasting air purifier sale strengthens a firm\u2019s next pitch: The device is doing a great job in the neighboring town.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a self-fulfilling prophecy. The more people buy these technologies, the more they get legitimacy,\u201d said Jeffrey Siegel<\/a>, a civil engineering professor at the University of Toronto. \u201cIt\u2019s really the complete wild west out there.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Marwa Zaatari, a member of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers\u2019 (ASHRAE) Epidemic Task Force, first compiled a list of schools and districts using such devices.<\/p>\r\n

Schools have been \u201cbombarded with persistent salespersons peddling the latest air and cleaning technologies, including those with minimal evidence to-date supporting safety and efficacy\u201d according to a report released<\/a> Thursday by the Center for Green Schools and ASHRAE.<\/p>\r\n

Zaatari said she was particularly concerned that officials in New Jersey are buying<\/a> thousands of devices made by another company that says they<\/a> emit ozone, which can exacerbate asthma and harm developing lungs, according to decades of research.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cWe\u2019re going to live in a world where the air quality in schools is worse after the pandemic, after all of this money,\u201d Zaatari said. \u201cIt\u2019s really sickening.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

The sales race is fueled by roughly $193 billion in federal funds allocated to schools for teacher pay and safety upgrades \u2014 a giant fund that can be used to buy air cleaners. And Democrats are pushing for $100 billion more that could also be spent on air cleaners.<\/p>\r\n

In April, Global Plasma Solutions said further tests show its devices inactivate<\/a> covid in the air and on surfaces in larger chambers. The company studies still use about twice the level<\/a> of ions than its leaders have publicly said<\/a> the devices can deliver, KHN found.<\/p>\r\n

There is virtually no federal oversight or enforcement of safe air-cleaning technology. Only California bans air cleaners that emit a certain amount of ozone.<\/p>\r\n

U.S. Rep. Robert \u201cBobby\u201d Scott (D-Va.), chair of the education and labor committee, said the federal government typically is not involved in local decisions of what products to buy, although he hopes for more federal guidance.<\/p>\r\n

In the meantime, \u201cthese school systems are dealing with contractors providing all kinds of services,\u201d he said, \u201cso you just have to trust them to get the best expert advice on what to do.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

These go-between contractors \u2014 and the air cleaner companies themselves \u2014 have a stake in the sales. While their names might appear in school board records, their role in selling the device or commission from the deal is seldom made public, KHN found.<\/p>\r\n

A LinkedIn job ad<\/a> with the logo for one air purifier company, ActivePure Technology, which employs former Trump adviser Dr. Deborah Birx as its chief medical and science adviser<\/a>, recruited salespeople this way: \u201cMake Tons of Money with this COVID-killing Technology!!\u201d The commission, the post said, is up to $900 per device.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cWe have reps [who] made over 6-figures in 1 month selling to 1 school district,\u201d the ad says. \u201cThis could be the biggest opportunity you have seen!\u201d<\/p>\r\n

\u2018A Tiny Bit of Ozone\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Schools in New Jersey have a particularly easy time buying air cleaners called Odorox: A state education agency lists them on their group-purchasing commodity list<\/a>, with a large unit selling for more than $5,100. Originally used in home restoration and mold remediation, the devices have become popular in New Jersey schools as the company says its products can inactivate covid<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

In Newark, administrators welcomed students back to class last month with more than 3,200 Odorox units, purchased with $7.5 million in federal funds, said Steven Morlino, executive director of Facilities Management for Newark Public Schools.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cI think parents feel pretty comfortable that their children are going to a safe environment,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd so did the staff.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Environmental health and air-quality experts, though, are alarmed by the district\u2019s plan.<\/p>\r\n

The Pyure company\u2019s Odorox devices are on California air-quality regulators\u2019 list of<\/a> \u201cpotentially hazardous ozone generators sold as air purifiers\u201d and cannot be sold in the state.<\/p>\r\n

A company distributor\u2019s research shows that its Boss XL3 device pumps out as much as 77<\/a> parts per billion of ozone, a level that exceeds limits set by California lawmakers for the sale of indoor air cleaners<\/a> and the EPA standard for ground-level ozone \u2014 a limit set to protect children from the well-documented harm of ozone<\/a> to developing lungs.<\/p>\r\n

That level exceeds the industry\u2019s self-imposed limit by more than 10 times and is \u201cunacceptable,\u201d according to William Bahnfleth, an architectural engineering professor at Penn State who studies indoor air quality and leads the ASHRAE Epidemic Task Force.<\/p>\r\n

Jean-Francois \u201cJF\u201d Huc, CEO of the Pyure company, pointed out that the study was done in a space smaller than they would recommend<\/a> for such a powerful Odorox device. He cautioned that it was done that way to prove that home-restoration workers could be in the room with the device without violating work-safety rules.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cWe provide very stringent operating guidelines around the size of room that our different devices should be put in,\u201d he said.<\/p>\r\n

You can\u2019t see or smell ozone, but lungs treat it like a \u201cforeign invader,\u201d said Michael Jerrett, who has studied its health effects as director of the UCLA Center for Occupational and Environmental Health.<\/p>\r\n

Lung cells mount an immune-like response, which can trigger asthma complications and divert energy from normal lung function, he said. Chronic exposure has been linked to more emergency room visits and can even cause premature death. Once harmed, Jerrett said, children\u2019s lungs may not regain full function.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cOzone is a very serious public health problem,\u201d Jerrett said.<\/p>\r\n

Newark has some of the highest childhood asthma<\/a> rates in the state, affecting 1 in 4 kids. Scholars have linked outdoor ozone levels in Newark to elevated childhood<\/a> ER visits and asthma<\/a> is the leading cause of school absenteeism there.<\/p>\r\n

Adding ozone into the classroom is \u201cjust nightmarish,\u201d Siegel, of the University of Toronto, said.<\/p>\r\n

Morlino said the district plans to monitor ozone levels in each classroom, based on the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration level for working adults, which is 100 parts per billion.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cIn our research of the product,\u201d he said, \u201cwe\u2019ve determined it\u2019s within the guidelines the federal government produces.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

While legal for healthy working adults, the work-safety standard should not apply to developing children, said Michael Kleinman, an air-quality researcher at the UC Irvine School of Medicine. \u201cIt\u2019s not a good device to be using in the presence of children,\u201d he said.<\/p>\r\n

But the devices are going into schools throughout the state that will not be monitoring ozone levels, acknowledged Dave Matisoff, owner of Bio-Shine, a New Jersey-based distributor of Odorox. He said the main safeguard is informing schools about the appropriate-size room each device<\/a> should be deployed to, a factor in ozone concentration.<\/p>\r\n

Huc, the CEO, said his team has measured levels of ozone that are higher outdoors in Newark than inside \u2014 with his company\u2019s units running.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cThere is a tiny bit of ozone that is introduced, but it\u2019s very, very low,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd you get the benefit of the antimicrobial effect, you get the benefit of reduction of pathogens, which we\u2019ve demonstrated in a number of studies, and you get the reduction of VOC [volatile organic compounds].\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Meanwhile, despite expert concerns, the devices continue to pop up in classrooms and school nurses\u2019 offices across the state, said Allen Barkkume, an industrial hygienist for the New Jersey teachers union.<\/p>\r\n

He doesn\u2019t blame schools for buying them, as they\u2019re a lot less expensive than overhauling ventilation systems. Teachers often push for the devices in their classrooms, he said, as they see them in the nurses\u2019 offices and think it\u2019ll keep them safe. And superintendents are not well-versed in air quality\u2019s complex scientific concepts.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cNothing sounds better than something that\u2019s cheap, quiet, small and easy to find, and we can stick them in every classroom,\u201d Barkkume said.<\/p>\r\n

Tested in Shoebox, Sold for Classrooms<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

While New York officials are \u201cnot permitting<\/a>\u201d the installation of ionization devices due to \u201cpotential negative health effects,\u201d schools across the state of New Jersey are installing ionizing devices.<\/p>\r\n

Ten miles away from Newark in Montclair, New Jersey, parents have been raising hell<\/a> over the new Global Plasma Solutions\u2019 ionizing devices in their children\u2019s classrooms. The company website promises a product <\/a>that emits ions like those \u201ccreated with energy from rushing water, crashing waves and even sunlight.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

The devices emit positive and negative ions that are meant to help particles clump together, making them easier to filter out. The company says the ions can also reduce<\/a> the viral particles that cause covid-19.<\/p>\r\n

But Justin Klabin, a building developer with a background in indoor air quality and two sons in the district, was not convinced.<\/p>\r\n

He spent hours compiling scientific evidence. He created painstaking YouTube<\/a> videos<\/a> picking apart the ionizers\u2019 viability and helped organize a petition signed by dozens of parents warning the school board against the installation.<\/p>\r\n

Even so, the district spent $635,900 on installing ionizers, which would go in classrooms serving more than 6,000 kids<\/a>. The devices are often installed in ducts, an important consideration, the company founder <\/a>Charles Waddell said<\/a>, because the ions that are emitted lose their power after 60 seconds.<\/p>\r\n

But the company\u2019s shoebox study and inflated ion blast numbers that helped sell the product last year leave a potential customer with little sense of how the device would perform in a classroom, Zaatari said.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a high cost for nothing,\u201d Zaatari said. The company has sued her and another air-quality consultant for criticizing their devices. Of the pending case, Zaatari said it is a David-versus-Goliath situation, but she will not be deterred from speaking on behalf of children.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cSize of the [test] chamber has proved not to play a role in efficacy results but rather ion density,\u201d GPS spokesperson Kevin Boyle said in an email. The company notes by its covid-inactivating test results<\/a> that they \u201cmay include \u2026 higher-than-average ion concentrations.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

He also said the company is proud to meet the ASHRAE \u201czero ozone\u201d certification.<\/p>\r\n

Glenn Morrison, a professor of environmental science and engineering at the University of North Carolina, reviewed a March GPS study<\/a> on a device combating the covid virus in the air. The device appears to reduce virus concentrations, he said in an email, but noted it would not be very effective under normal building conditions, outside a test chamber. \u201cA cheap portable HEPA filter would work many times better and have fewer side effects (possibly ozone or other unwanted chemistry),\u201d he wrote.<\/p>\r\n

Other parents joined Klabin\u2019s campaign, including Melanie Robbins, the mom of a kindergartner and a child in pre-K. Armed with her background in nonprofit advocacy, she reached out to experts. She and other parents spoke at local government meetings about their concerns.<\/p>\r\n

In April, the superintendent told parents the school would turn off the devices, but parents say they haven\u2019t turned them all off.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cAs far as I understand, the district has relied only on information from GPS, the manufacturer,\u201d Robbins said during a Montclair Board of Education meeting via Zoom on April 19<\/a>. \u201cThis is like only listening to advice from Philip Morris as to whether smoking is safe or not.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Dan Daniello, of D&B Building Solutions, an HVAC contracting company, defended GPS products during the meeting. He said they are even in the White House, a selling point the company has made repeatedly<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

The catch: A GPS contractor installed its ionization technology in the East Wing of the White House after it was purchased in 2018 \u2014 before covid emerged, according to GPS\u2019 Boyle. But the company was still using the White House logo as a marketing image on its website when KHN asked the White House about the advertising in April. It was taken down shortly thereafter.<\/p>\r\n

Boyle said GPS was \u201crecently informed that the White House logo may not be used for marketing purposes, and promptly complied.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

The Montclair school district did not respond to requests for comment.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cI want to bang my head against the wall, it\u2019s so black-and-white,\u201d Robbins said. \u201cAdmit this is a poor purchase, the district got played.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Selling \u2018the Big Kahuna\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Academic air-quality experts agree on what\u2019s best for schools: More outside air pumped into classes, MERV 13 filters in heating systems and portable HEPA filters. The solution is time-tested and effective, they say. Yet as common commodities, like a pair of khaki pants, these items are not widely flogged by a sales force chasing big commissions.<\/p>\r\n

After covid hit, Tony Barron said the companies pitched air purifying technology nonstop to the Kansas district where he worked as a facility manager last fall.<\/p>\r\n

Pressure came from inside the school as well. Teachers sent links for air cleaners they saw on the news. His superintendent had him meet with a friend who sold ionization products. He got constant calls, mail and email from mechanical engineering companies.<\/p>\r\n

The hundreds of phone calls from air cleaner pitches were overwhelming, said Chris Crockett, director of facilities for Turner USD 202 in Kansas City, Kansas. While he wanted to trust the contractors he had worked with, he tested four products before deciding to spend several hundred thousands of dollars.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cCustodial supply companies see the writing on the wall, that there\u2019s a lot of money out there,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd then a lot of money is going to be spent on HVAC systems.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

ActivePure says on its website that its air purifiers are in hundreds of schools<\/a>. In a press release<\/a>, the company said they were \u201csold through a nationwide network of several hundred franchises, 5,000 general contractors\/HVAC specialists and thousands of individual distributors.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Enviro Technology Pros, founded in January, is one company pitching ActivePure to HVAC contractors. In a YouTube video<\/a>, the founders said contractors can make $950 for each air-cleaning device sold, and some dealers can make up to $30,000<\/a> a month. Citing the bounty of the billions in federal relief, another video touted ready-made campaigns to target school principals directly.<\/p>\r\n

After KHN asked ActivePure for comment, the Enviro Technology Pros YouTube videos about ActivePure were no longer accessible publicly.<\/p>\r\n

ActivePure did not respond to requests for comment but has said its devices are effective and one is validated by the Food and Drug Administration.<\/p>\r\n

An Enviro Technology Pros founder, Rod Norman, told KHN the company was asked to take the posts down by Vollara, a company related to ActivePure. He called sales to schools \u201cthe big kahuna.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Shortly after he spoke with KHN, the website for his own company was taken down.<\/p>\r\n

In an Instagram post that also disappeared,<\/a> the company had asked: \u201c4000 classrooms protected why not your kids?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Shoshana Dubnow contributed to this report.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

This story was produced by KHN<\/a> (Kaiser Health News), a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF<\/a> (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF is an endowed nonprofit organization providing information on health issues to the nation.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\r\n

Subscribe<\/a> to KHN’s free Morning Briefing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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